Linux cheat sheet #03

[Administrator]

Basics

File Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

Path	Content
/bin	Binaries (User)
/boot	Static boot loader files
/etc	Host specific configs
/lib	Shared libraries and kernel modules
/sbin	Binaries (System/root)
/var	Varying files (e.g. Logs)
/usr	3rd party software
/proc	Pseudo file system
/sys	Pseudo file system
/mnt	Mountpoint for internal drives
/media	Mountpoint for external drives
/home	User homes
/run	PID files of running processes

Commands

File System Commands

Command	Param	Description
cd	-	Navigate to last dir
	~	Navigate to home
	~username	Navigate to home of specified user
pwd		Print working dir
ls		Print dir content
	-l	Format as list
	-a	Show hidden items (-A without . and ..)
	-r	Invert order
	-R	Recurse
	-S	Sort by size
	-t	Sort by date modified
mkdir	-p	Create dir with parents
cp	-r	Copy dir
rmdir	-p	Remove dir and empty parents
rm	-rf	Remove dir recursively, -f without confirmation
mv		Move recursively
find	-iname pattern	Search dir/file case-insensitive
	-mmin n	Last modified n minutes ago
	-mtime n	Last modified n days ago
	-regex pattern	Path matches pattern
	-size n[kMG]	By file size (-n less than; +n greater than)
	! searchparams	Invert search

File Manipulation

Command	Param	Description
cat	file	Print content
tac	file	Print content inverted
sort	file	Print sorted
	file -r -u	Print sorted descending without dublicates
wc	file	Count Lines, Words, Chars (Bytes)
head	`-n10 file	tail -n5`
tail	-f file	Print new lines automatically
cut	-f -4,7-10,12,15- file	Print selected fields (tab delimited)
	-c -4,7-10,12,15- file	Print selected characters positions
	-f 2,4 -d, --output-delimiter=$'\t' file	Change delimiter (but use tab for output)
uniq	file	Hide consecutive identical lines
	file -c	Show consecutive identical line count
	file -u	Hide consecutive identical lines
file	file	Get file type

Archiving

Command	Param	Beschreibung
tar	cfv archiv.tar file1 file2	Archiv erstellen / Inhalt hinzufügen oder überschreiben
	tfv archiv.tar	Inhalt anzeigen
	xf archiv.tar [-C ~/extracted]	Archiv (nach ~/extracted) entpacken (und dekomprimieren)
	cfvj archiv.tar.bz2 file	bzip2 komprimiertes Archiv erstellen
	cfvz archiv.tar.gz file	gzip komprimiertes Archiv erstellen
	cfa archiv.tar.[komp] file	komprimiertes Archiv erstellen (auto Typ anhand Name)
bzip2 / gzip	file1 file2	Dateien (einzeln) komprimieren
	-d file1 file2	Dateien dekomprimieren

Other

Command	Param	Beschreibung
<command>	--help	Help of current command (not standardized)
	-h
	-?
man	<command>	Manual page of command
	-k keyword	Search command by keyword (oder apropos)
alias		Show aliases
	name='befehl'	Create alias

Globs (Wildcards)

The dot . in front of hidden items is ignored by glob patterns!

Character	Description
?	Any single character
*	Any characters
[ac-e]	1 character in enum
[!ac-e]	1 character not in enum